What Is HPV?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that can cause several types of cancer, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal and throat cancers, as well as genital warts.
About 75% of Canadians who are not vaccinated will acquire HPV at some point in their lives. HPV-related cancers are largely preventable through vaccination, especially when given at younger ages.
Why Is the HPV Vaccine Important for
People With Lupus?
People with lupus have weakened immune systems due to both the disease and its treatments. This makes them more vulnerable to infections like HPV.
Research shows that women with SLE have significantly higher rates of precancerous cervical changes and cervical cancer compared to women the same age without lupus.
The HPV vaccine protects against the HPV types that cause most HPV-related cancers and genital warts.
Should I Get the HPV Vaccine?
Yes. The HPV vaccine is safe, effective and recommended in Canada.
Recommended Ages and Doses:
Ages 9–20: 1 dose
Ages 21–26: 2 doses
Ages 27–45: speak with your healthcare provider; vaccination may still offer benefit
Immunocompromised individuals: may be advised to receive 3 doses
The vaccine is safe during pregnancy.
Children and adults with SLE should be offered the HPV vaccine starting at age 9 and up to age 45.
Vaccine Types in Canada
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Gardasil9 (9vHPV) – most common
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Cervarix (2vHPV)
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Gardasil (4vHPV) was discontinued in 2019
Individuals previously vaccinated with older versions may be offered a dose of Gardasil9 for expanded protection.
When Should I Get the HPV Vaccine?
The vaccine works best when lupus is well-controlled.
Discuss timing with your rheumatologist, especially if you are taking immune-suppressing medications.
Great times to vaccinate include:
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Before becoming sexually active
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Before new sexual partners
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When lupus activity is stable
Are There Any Side Effects?
Most side effects are mild and temporary, such as:
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Sore arm
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Mild fever
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Fatigue
Serious side effects are very rare.
Can the HPV Vaccine Cause a Lupus Flare?
Lupus flares after the HPV vaccine are very uncommon. The benefits of cancer prevention far outweigh the small risk.
If you notice increased symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider.
What Else Can I Do to Prevent HPV-Related Cancers?
Regular PAP Tests Are Essential
Women with lupus have a much higher risk of HPV-related cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer.
Regular PAP tests are extremely important — especially for anyone who is or has been sexually active.
This applies even if you:
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Are fully vaccinated
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Have no symptoms
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Have had a normal PAP in the past
Is the HPV Vaccine Effective?
Yes — extremely.
A recent large study in Scotland found that no cervical cancers occurred among fully vaccinated women who received the HPV vaccine at ages 12–13 since the program began in 2008.
This demonstrates how powerful HPV vaccination is in preventing cancer.
Facts About the HPV Vaccine (Health Canada)
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Vaccination before HPV exposure provides the strongest protection.
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People who missed routine vaccination remain at risk for HPV-related disease.
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Even if already infected with one HPV type, the vaccine protects against the other types included.
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Even one dose provides benefit compared to none.
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Women with SLE have significantly higher risk of HPV-related cervical changes and cervical cancer.
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Regular PAP tests are essential for women with SLE — even if vaccinated.
Authors: Daniel Tingey and Doctor Janet Pope
Note: Please consult your healthcare provider or local health authorities for up-to-date vaccine recommendations.